Lighting is applied to scenes in a film in a variety of different ways, each of them create a different effect and are best used in different situations.
Three point lighting - this is when there are three lights focusing on one point, typically one light will be placed on the right, one on the left and another at the back of the object or person that is being focused on. This eliminates all shadows so the point of focus is extremely clear.
Top lighting - This is when the main source of the light comes from above. An effective way to highlight the features of someone's face, can be used to create a glamorous look.
Back Lighting - This helps to counteract the effect of the key light or creates an outline or silhouette of a person. Can create a 'mysterious' effect.
Filler Light - This helps soften the harsh shadows created by the key and back light, which makes the scene look more authentic on camera.
Under lighting - this is when the source of the light comes from below the object being lit. Most effectively used in thrillers and horror films to create an eerie and mysterious effect.
Low-Key Lighting: This is created by using only the key and back lights. This produces a very sharp contrast between the light and dark areas on the screen. Very distinct and deep shadows are formed.
High-Key Lighting: Here, more filler lights are used. This is done to create a more realistic effect.
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